Power, Constraint, and Policy Change

Power, Constraint, and Policy Change analyzes state court influence on state education finance reform. Beginning in the early 1970s litigants began filing suits in state courts to change state education funding in order to prevent disparities in education resources between wealthy and poor communities. These cases represent a fundamental policy debate in American society, pitting the importance of education against the cost and method of funding it. Through education finance, the authors explore how and why courts often end up determining and resolving policy funding debates. Education funding has involved both the federal constitution and state constitutions, as well as legislation and court-mandated remedies, which, ultimately, determine who and how we pay for this critical American value.
List of Figures and Tables
Acknowledgments

1. Introduction
The Fight over Funding
A Brief History of Public Education
The Funding Disparity and the Turn to Court-Ordered Solutions
Why Courts? A Theory of Policy Change through State Courts
Waves of Finance Reform
Plan of the Book

2. Why Courts?
Introduction: Politics, Law, and Education Finance Reform
The Political Environment
Hypotheses
Data
Models, Methodology, and Results
Conclusion: Predicting the Institutional Agent of Court-Ordered Finance Reform

3. Citation Patterns in Education Finance Policy
Introduction
Vertical Citations and the Power of Precedent
Horizontal Citations and Persuasiveness
Hypotheses: State Supreme Courts Shaping Education Finance Reform
Data and Methods
Results

4. When Citations Are Not Enough
Introduction
What Else Matters
Testing the Limits of Citations: Data and Methods
Results
Discussion and Conclusion

5. Policy Diffusion through Courts
Introduction: Do as I Do, Not as I Say
Policy Diffusion in the States
Diffusion and Emulation of Court-Ordered Education
Finance Reform
Political, Institutional, and Legal Factors Influencing Emulation
Data, Method, and Model
Results
Discussion

6. Conclusion—How State Courts Move and Change Policy
Law, Politics, and Policy Formation
Empirical Findings
What We Know
What We Want to Know

Notes
References
Index