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6HFRQGDU\ HOHFWURQ HPLVVLRQ DQG VHOI FRQVLVWHQW FKDUJH WUDQVSRUW LQ VHPL LQVXODWLQJ VDPSOHV + - )LWWLQJDQG0 7RX]LQ &LWDWLRQ - $SSO 3K\V GRL 9LHZ RQOLQH KWWS G[ GRL RUJ 9LHZ 7DEOH RI &RQWHQWV KWWS MDS DLS RUJ UHVRXUFH -$3,$8 Y L 3XEOLVKHG E\ WKH$PHULFDQ ,QVWLWXWH RI 3K\VLFV 5HODWHG $UWLFOHV 6FDQQLQJ VHFRQGDU\ HOHFWURQ PLFURVFRS\ RQ IHUURHOHFWULF GRPDLQV DQG GRPDLQ ZDOOV LQ 1 is maintained by Fowler-Nordheim field injection into and through the highly positive charged SiO2layers. The motion of holes was described by a conduction and mobility formalism. In Ref.22we introduced also ballistic holes and calculated the charge, field, and potential distributions inbulk Al2O3targets. Moreover, we measured the huge negative charging and surface potentialV0in real time by means of the energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) bremsstrahlung spectra (BS) and their high energy edge equally to the electron beam landing energyE0*¼E0þeV0. In Ref.23we have introduced a thin conducting surface cover layer (e.g., thin carbon or Au layers) often used for preventing significant charging and, indeed, the internal field and potential distributions are reduced drastically to an inessential magnitude. The same effect is obtained by positive ion layers on the surface as used in environment scanning electron microscopes (ESEMs). In Ref.